Transactions and batch queries

Nested writes

A nested write lets you perform a single Prisma Client API call with multiple operations that touch multiple related records. For example, creating a user together with a post or updating an order together with an invoice. Prisma Client ensures that all operations succeed or fail as a whole.

The following example demonstrates a nested write with create:

// Create a new user with two posts in a
// single transaction
const newUser: User = await prisma.user.create({
  data: {
    email: 'alice@prisma.io',
    posts: {
      create: [
        { title: 'Join the Prisma Slack on https://slack.prisma.io' },
        { title: 'Follow @prisma on Twitter' },
      ],
    },
  },
})

The following example demonstrates a nested write with update:

// Change the author of a post in a single transaction
const updatedPost: Post = await prisma.post.update({
  where: { id: 42 },
  data: {
    author: {
      connect: { email: 'alice@prisma.io' },
    },
  },
})

Refer to the 📖 transactions guide for more examples.

Batch/bulk operations

The following bulk operations run as transactions:

• deleteMany
• updateMany
• createMany

Refer to the 📖 transactions guide for more examples.

The $transaction API

The following query returns all posts that match the provided filter as well as a count of all posts:

const [posts, totalPosts] = await prisma.$transaction([
  prisma.post.findMany({ where: { title: { contains: 'prisma' } } }),
  prisma.post.count(),
])

You can also use $queryRaw and $executeRaw inside a $transaction:

const [userList, updateUser] = await prisma.$transaction([
  prisma.$queryRaw`SELECT 'title' FROM User`,
  prisma.$executeRaw`UPDATE User SET name = 'Hello' WHERE id = 2;`,
])

Instead of immediately awaiting the result of each operation when it's performed, the operation itself is stored in a variable first which later is submitted to the database via a method called $transaction. Prisma Client will ensure that either all three create-operations or none of them succeed.

Note: Operations are executed according to the order they are placed in the transaction. Using a query in a transaction does not influence the order of operations in the query itself.

Refer to the 📖 transactions guide for more examples.

Transaction isolation level

Transaction isolation level is not currently configurable at a Prisma level and is not explicitly set by Prisma.

• Default transaction isolation level in PostgreSQL
• Default transaction isolation level in SQL Server
• Default transaction isolation level in MySQL

Join the conversation on GitHub

If you'd like to see transactions supported in the future, please join the discussion on GitHub.